Non-Americans earn 57% of engineering doctoral degrees, 53% of computer and information sciences doctoral degrees, 50% of mathematics and statistics doctoral degrees, 49% of engineering-tech and engineering-related doctoral degrees, and 40% of doctorates in physical sciences and science technologies.
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Despite the large growth in STEM jobs, few American students are receiving the education and inspiration they need to fill these jobs. Only 16% of American high school students are interested in a STEM career and proficient in math. Of the students who pursue a college major in a STEM discipline, only about half decide to work in a STEM career. The United States ranks a dismal 34th among industrialized nations in math, and 27th in science.
The picture gets even worse with women. While females make up about 48% of the total workforce, they comprise just 24% of STEM workers—even while women attend college at a higher rate than men. When women do study STEM, their education often fails to lead to a STEM career. Women with a college degree in a STEM discipline are less likely to work in a STEM occupation than their male counterparts; these women are more likely to work in education and healthcare. The Department of Commerce lists “a lack of female role models, gender stereotyping, and less family-friendly flexibility in the STEM fields” as possible factors contributing to the gender gap. Providing more opportunities for women to work in STEM is widely seen as one of the most effective ways for the United States to remain competitive in the global market. Less than 45% of STEM college degrees are received by woman and minorities, though they comprise 70% of college students. And STEM jobs not requiring a college degree, such as aerospace technicians, also are going unfilled.
All of this adds up to too few Americans preparing for, and taking, STEM jobs. The White House projects that by 2018 there will be 2.4 million unfilled STEM jobs in the United States. While an estimated 1.4 million U.S. science-related jobs will exist by 2020, American college graduates are expected to fill less than a third of them.
It really wasn’t that long ago when the two greatest superpowers were vying to put satellites into space. Now, 50 nations have their own satellites in low Earth orbit. If you’re a Thailand, say, you can call Space Systems/Loral, a Canadian-owned company based in Palo Alto, California, and tell them you want to put a satellite into geostationary orbit for television broadcasting or military communications. You can have the thing in orbit 25,000 miles above Earth within two years.
